【Shanxi's Cultural Landscape】Architectural Splendors (Route 3)

——五千年文明看山西

——Exploring 5,000 Years of Civilization in Shanxi

如果说前两条线路分别叩问了木构与壁画，那么这条“太行古建·壁塑双绝”线路，带你走进的便是晋东南这片“中国古建博物馆”的核心腹地。

If the previous two routes explored wooden structures and murals respectively, then this "Taihang's Ancient Gems: Dual Masterpieces of Murals and Sculptures" route takes you into the heart of southeastern Shanxi — the "Museum of Chinese Ancient Architecture."

今天，我们开启“土木华章”第三条主题线路——“太行古建·壁塑双绝”。这条线路从长治出发，沿浊漳河谷一路向南，串联起：观音堂、法兴寺、崇庆寺、天台庵、龙门寺、大云院、青莲寺、开化寺、铁佛寺、玉皇庙。

Today, we begin the third route of "Architectural Splendors" — "Taihang's Ancient Gems: Dual Masterpieces of Murals and Sculptures." This route starts from Changzhi, follows the Zhuozhang River Valley southward, and connects: Guanyin Hall, Faxing Temple, Chongqing Temple, Tiantai Temple, Longmen Temple, Dayun Temple, Qinglian Temple, Kaihua Temple, Tiefo Temple, and Yuhuang Temple.

这是一场与太行山深处千年古建的约会。让我们沿着浊漳河谷，一路追寻五代、宋、金、元、明的建筑密码。

This is a rendezvous with millennia-old ancient architecture deep in the Taihang Mountains. Let's follow the Zhuozhang River Valley and trace the architectural codes of the Five Dynasties, Song, Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties.

玉皇庙——二十八星宿彩塑之冠

Yuhuang Temple — The Crown of Twenty-Eight Mansions Painted Sculptures

位置：位于晋城市泽州县金村镇府城村。

Location: Fucheng Village, Jin Village Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City.

交通：从晋城市区出发，沿G55二广高速向北行驶，在“晋城北”出口下，沿指示牌行驶即达。全程约15公里，车程约25分钟。

Driving directions: From downtown Jincheng, take G55 Erguang Expressway north, exit at "North Jincheng," and follow the signs. Approximately 15 km, about 25 minutes.

玉皇庙创建年代不详，北宋熙宁九年（1076年）重建，金、元、明、清多次修葺。庙宇坐北朝南，分为三进院落，现存建筑以元、明时期为主。

The founding date of Yuhuang Temple is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1076 during the Northern Song Dynasty and underwent multiple renovations in the Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. The temple faces south and is divided into three courtyards, with most existing structures dating from the Yuan and Ming periods.

殿内的二十八星宿彩塑是国内唯一一处保存完整的元代彩塑星宿群像，被誉为“元代彩塑巅峰”。这二十八尊造像将天文学中的星宿拟人化，每一尊都形态各异、神情生动。

The Twenty-Eight Mansions painted sculptures in the hall are the only complete Yuan Dynasty set of celestial deity statues in China, known as the "Pinnacle of Yuan Dynasty Painted Sculpture." These 28 statues anthropomorphize the astronomical mansions, each with a unique posture and vivid expression.

在府城玉皇庙大殿内，元代雕塑家刘銮（传）一刀一刻，让满堂星宿走下神坛，人间烟火与天界秩序在泥塑的肌理中交织。这不仅仅是宗教造像，更是中国古代雕塑艺术的天花板。

Inside the main hall, the Yuan Dynasty sculptor Liu Luan (attributed) carved each stroke, bringing the Mansions down from the celestial altar. This is not just religious statuary — it is the ceiling of ancient Chinese sculpture art.

铁佛寺——二十四诸天的铁线狂想

Tiefo Temple — The Iron Wire Fantasy of the Twenty-Four Devas

位置：位于晋城市高平市米山镇米西村。

Location: Mixi Village, Mishan Town, Gaoping City, Jincheng City.

交通：从玉皇庙出发，沿G55二广高速向北，转入S80陵侯高速，在“高平”出口下，沿指示牌行驶即达。全程约40公里，车程约50分钟。

Driving directions: From Yuhuang Temple, take G55 Erguang Expressway north, transfer to S80 Linghou Expressway, exit at "Gaoping," and follow the signs. Approximately 40 km, about 50 minutes.

铁佛寺位于高平市米山镇，因寺内供奉铁佛而得名，现为全国重点文物保护单位。寺内最负盛名的当属殿内二十四诸天彩塑。

Tiefo Temple is located in Mishan Town, Gaoping City. Named after the iron Buddha enshrined within, it is now a national key cultural relic protection unit. The most renowned feature is the Twenty-Four Devas painted sculptures.

这堂彩塑最独特之处在于大量使用铁丝、铁线作为造型骨架。塑像的发丝、飘带、衣纹、武器，无不以铁线盘绕、弯折而成，呈现出刚劲凌厉的视觉效果。

What makes these sculptures truly unique is the extensive use of iron wire as the structural framework. The hair, ribbons, garment lines, and weapons are all coiled and bent from iron wire, creating a strikingly bold visual effect.

这里的佛像会颠覆你对传统造像的刻板印象——新颖的铁线造型、生动夸张的人物神情，让这些佛像仿佛是从影视动漫中走出来的！每一尊都“怒气冲冲”、张力十足，堪称中国古代彩塑中的“异类”与“绝唱”。

The statues here will overturn your stereotypes of traditional Buddhist sculpture — novel iron wire forms, vivid and exaggerated expressions make them seem like characters from a film or anime! Each one is full of tension, truly an "anomaly" and a "swan song" in ancient Chinese painted sculpture.

开化寺——宋代壁画之珍宝

Kaihua Temple — A Treasure of Song Dynasty Murals

位置：位于晋城市高平市陈区镇舍利山腰。

Location: On the hillside of Sheli Mountain, Chenqu Town, Gaoping City, Jincheng City.

交通：从铁佛寺出发，沿乡村公路向北行驶约10公里即达。全程约15公里，车程约25分钟。

Driving directions: From Tiefo Temple, drive north on rural roads for about 10 km. Approximately 15 km, about 25 minutes.

开化寺创建于北齐武平二年（571年），原名清凉寺，北宋改名为开化寺。寺院坐北朝南，三进院落，现存大雄宝殿为宋代建筑，东隅观音阁为金代遗构。

Kaihua Temple was first built in 571 AD during the Northern Qi Dynasty. Originally named Qingliang Temple, it was renamed Kaihua Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty. The existing Mahavira Hall is a Song structure, while the Guanyin Pavilion to the east is a Jin relic.

大雄宝殿内保存有北宋元祐七年（1092年）至绍圣三年（1096年）绘制的壁画，面积达88.2平方米，是中国宋代壁画中面积较大、保存较好的珍品。

The Mahavira Hall preserves murals painted from 1092 to 1096 AD, covering 88.2 square meters. These are among the largest and best-preserved Song Dynasty murals in China.

壁画构图严谨，人物繁而不乱，线条以铁线描为主，刚劲有力，设色以石绿、朱砂为主，历经千年依然鲜艳。

The murals feature rigorous composition, complex but orderly figures, iron-wire line drawings, and colors dominated by malachite green and cinnabar — still vivid after a thousand years.

大云院——五代壁画的孤例

Dayun Temple — The Lone Example of Five Dynasties Murals

位置：位于长治市平顺县实会村后山上。

Location: On the hill behind Shihui Village, Pingshun County, Changzhi City.

交通：从开化寺出发，沿S80陵侯高速向北，转入G22青兰高速，在“平顺”出口下，沿浊漳河谷公路行驶即达。全程约100公里，车程约2小时。

Driving directions: From Kaihua Temple, take S80 Linghou Expressway north, transfer to G22 Qinglan Expressway, exit at "Pingshun," and drive along the Zhuozhang River Valley road. Approximately 100 km, about 2 hours.

大云院创建于五代后晋天福三年（938年），初名仙岩院，宋改今名。寺院坐北朝南，现存弥陀殿为五代遗构，是中国现存最早的普柏枋实例之一。

Dayun Temple was first built in 938 AD during the Five Dynasties period. Originally named Xianyan Temple, it was renamed Dayun in the Song Dynasty. The existing Maitreya Hall is a Five Dynasties structure and one of the earliest surviving examples of the pu-bai-fang (lintel) system in China.

弥陀殿内东壁和扇面墙上保存有五代时期壁画，面积约21平方米，是全国寺观中唯一保存的五代佛教壁画，弥足珍贵。

The east wall and screen walls of the Maitreya Hall preserve Five Dynasties murals, covering about 21 square meters. This is the only surviving Five Dynasties Buddhist mural in a temple or monastery in China.

壁画描绘了佛教经变故事，画面色彩丰富，场景宏阔，人物神态安详，线条流畅飘逸。千年前的画师以笔为媒，让今人得以一窥五代时期的绘画风貌。

The murals depict Buddhist sutra transformation scenes, with rich colors, grand compositions, serene figures, and flowing lines. Millennia-old painters serve as mediums, allowing modern viewers a glimpse into the painting style of the Five Dynasties period.

龙门寺——六朝建筑的活化石

Longmen Temple — A Living Fossil of Six Dynasties’ Architecture

位置：位于长治市平顺县石城镇龙门山腰。

Location: On the hillside of Longmen Mountain, Shicheng Town, Pingshun County, Changzhi City.

交通：从大云院出发，沿浊漳河谷公路向东行驶约15公里即达。全程约20公里，车程约30分钟。

Driving directions: From Dayun Temple, drive east along the Zhuozhang River Valley road for about 15 km. Approximately 20 km, about 30 minutes.

龙门寺原名法华寺，始建于北齐天保年间（550-559年），是全国唯一集五代、宋、金、元、明、清六朝建筑于一处的古建筑群，堪称“中国古代建筑博物馆”。

Longmen Temple, originally named Fahua Temple, was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-559 AD). It is the only ancient architectural complex in China that brings together structures from the Five Dynasties, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties — truly a "Museum of Ancient Chinese Architecture."

走进龙门寺，就像翻开了一本中国建筑史的教科书——从五代到清，梁架的演变、斗栱的嬗变、屋顶的流转，尽收眼底。山环水抱之间，这座千年古刹静默如初，等待每一位朝圣者的叩问。

Stepping into Longmen Temple is like opening a textbook of Chinese architectural history — from the Five Dynasties to the Qing, you can see the evolution of beam frames, the transformation of bracket sets, and the changes in roof styles. Amidst the encircling mountains and rivers, this thousand-year-old temple remains as silent as ever, waiting for every pilgrim's inquiry.

其余景点简介

Brief Introductions to Other Sites

观音堂（长治）：殿内现存泥质彩塑约500尊，是中国悬塑艺术的巅峰。融儒释道三教于一体，塑有大量动物和30余座古建筑，技艺涵盖圆塑、悬塑、浮塑等。

Guanyin Hall (Changzhi): Houses about 500 clay painted sculptures, the peak of Chinese suspended sculpture art. It integrates Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, with numerous animals and over 30 ancient architectural models.

法兴寺（长治长子）：以“法兴三绝”闻名——唐石舍利塔、唐燃灯塔（我国仅存三座之一）、宋十二圆觉菩萨像。十二圆觉像被誉为“宋塑菩萨之冠”。

Faxing Temple (Zhangzi, Changzhi): Famous for its "Three Wonders" — the Tang stone pagoda, the Tang lamp pagoda (one of only three in China), and the Song Twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattvas, known as the "Crown of Song Dynasty Bodhisattva Sculptures."

崇庆寺（长治长子）：始建于北宋大中祥符九年（1016年）。千佛殿为宋构，殿内十八罗汉彩塑被誉为“宋塑之冠”，形象各异，神态逼真。

Chongqing Temple (Zhangzi, Changzhi): First built in 1016 AD. The Thousand-Buddha Hall is a Song structure, and its Eighteen Arhats are known as the "Crown of Song Dynasty Sculptures" for their varied poses and lifelike expressions.

天台庵（长治平顺）：全国仅存的四处唐代木构建筑之一。单檐歇山顶如巨鸟展翼，结构简练，翼角舒展，极具美感。

Tiantai Temple (Pingshun, Changzhi): One of only four surviving Tang Dynasty wooden structures in China. Its single-eave hip-and-gable roof spreads like a giant bird's wings.

青莲寺（晋城泽州）：分上下寺，上寺保存6尊唐代彩塑，是全国现存唐代寺观彩塑的三处之一。下寺释迦殿为宋构，殿内宋代彩塑36尊。寺内还有千年“子母柏”和藏式舍利塔。

Qinglian Temple (Zezhou, Jincheng): Divided into upper and lower temples. The upper temple preserves six Tang Dynasty painted sculptures — one of only three Tang temple sculpture sites in China. The lower temple's Sakyamuni Hall is a Song structure.

太行深处，壁上有丹青，泥中有神韵。千年不过一瞬，而匠心永存。

Deep in the Taihang Mountains, murals tell stories and clay breathes life. A thousand years pass in a blink — but the artisan's spirit endures forever.

（图源网络侵删）

(The image source is from the internet. If infringement, it will be deleted.)

来源：中华网综合整理

Source: Comprehensive collation by sx.china.com